Geochemical Modeling of Engineered Water Injection in Carbonates Under Harsh Conditions: New Insights With Ionic Adsorption

Abstract Carbonates are characterized by low oil recovery due to their positive surface charge and consequent high affinity negatively charged crude oil, rendering them a state of mixed-to-oil wettability. Thus, better understanding the rock/brine/oil interactions effect on potential-determining ions (PDIs) adsorption/desorption during engineered water injection is needed for realistic representative estimations recovery. Therefore, this study reveals novel approach capture various predict PDIs as well concentrations ionic species in effluent using Phreeqc. In work, we determined first time surface-complexation reactions then validated our results with experimental data from literature. Our revealed that presence respective decrease increase pH. Also, found adsorption depends strength activity where calcium remained constant while magnesium sulfate adsorptions varied strength. Moreover, ion was be most sensitive temperature opposed ions. addition, spiking dilution since starts reacting forming complexes. Additionally, deionized resulted highest pH related incremental The case-dependent thus, findings cannot generalized.